The Tulalip Tribes are a confederation of several Coast Salish peoples including the Snohomish, Snoqualmie, Skykomish, Skagit, Suiattle, Samish, Stillaguamish, and other allied tribes and bands. In the 1855 Treaty of Point Elliott, these groups ceded most of their land to the United States and reserved the Tulalip Indian Reservation for their permanent homeland. They also reserved rights for hunting, gathering, and fishing at all usual and accustomed places. The name Tulalip comes from the Coast Salish word "dxwlilap," meaning "small-mouth bay."
Catholic missionaries opened a boarding school on the Tulalip reservation in 1857. After a few years, the school began receiving funding from the federal government and in 1902 the government fully took over the school. That year, the original school buildings burned down, and a new school reopened in 1905. The school had a capacity of 200 students, who were as young as six. The photographer Ferdinand Brady had a government contract in the 1910s to photograph the people and activities around the Tulalip Indian School. The Tulalip school was one of many boarding schools for Indigenous children across the US. These schools were an attempt to "civilize" Indigenous peoples by forcing their children to assimilate to white-dominated Western society. One of the primary ways the schools undertook this goal was forcing students to speak English exclusively. Severe punishment, including physical punishment, was imposed when students spoke their native languages or otherwise resisted school authorities.
Student bands at the Tulalip school date back to 1860, when the school was operated by Catholic missionaries. That year, the school had 15 students and its all-boys band played in nearby towns to raise money for the school. In 1912, members of the band included, front row, left to right: Fred Curley (Lummi); George Jones (Tulalip); and Alfred Sam (Snohomish) at far right. Top row, left to right are: Joseph Joe; Aloysius Shelton (Tulalip); unknown; Ernest Cladoosby (Swinomish); and Leo George (Tulalip) at far right. The band played in the town of Marysville and traveled to other reservations to perform for special occasions.
Caption information source: "History," Tulalip Tribes, retrieved from https://www.tulaliptribes-nsn.gov/WhoWeAre/History. Caption information source: "Assimilation Through Education: Indian Boarding Schools in the Pacific Northwest," by Carolyn Marr, retrieved from https://content.lib.washington.edu/aipnw/marr.html.
