In 1972, American Indian Movement (AIM) activists Dennis Banks (1937-2017), Ojibwe, and Russell Charles Means (1939-2012), Oglala Sioux, along with members of the Rosebud Sioux, organized the Trail of Broken Treaties and Pan American Native Quest for Justice, a caravan of automobiles that would cross the nation in a political protest concluding at the White House. On October 6th, three caravans departed from Seattle, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. The caravans were accompanied by spiritual leaders and they passed through several Indigenous communities and reservations on the way to Washington, DC. At each stop, AIM activists held drum circles and workshops to gain support for their Red Power protest. When the caravan arrived in Washington, DC, it was over four miles long and included some 700 activists from more than 200 tribes and 25 states.

In this image taken the day of their departure from Seattle, Henry Lyle “Hank” Adams (1943-2020), left, Assiniboine-Sioux, an activist for the rights of Indigenous peoples, listens as Russell Means, right, speaks at a press conference regarding the Trail of Broken Treaties.

Caption by: "The Trail of Broken Treaties: A March on Washington, DC, 1972," Muscarelle Museum of Art, College of William & Mary, https://muscarelle.wm.edu/rising/broken-treaties/.
Caption information source: "Caravan on Its Way Across the Nation," Seattle Post-Intelligencer, October 7, 1972, page 1, 14.